Randomness
Many of you may have played
Lotto 6/49, where predicting those six valuable numbers is impossible...
even with all the statistics in the world, only
a stroke of luck! can lead us to guess them, considering
there are
13,983,816 possible combinations:
Above are
6 random numbers between
1 and
69, displayed each time you refresh the page!
Good luck!
Similarly, computer games contain
random numbers, so each time it seems everything is different,
a new scenario, a new set of colors, balls, or enemies appearing from different positions:
Bot Kyle from
CS:GO ... often snipes you with the
AWP from classic positions on the map, doesn't he? Of course, he has certain locations he estimates based on many factors, there are advanced A.I. algorithms, but... he's often in different spots, right?
A
random number is essentially one that cannot be predicted by the user. In fact, behind it, there is
a generator
(
a function) that gives us such a number each time it is called. They are
pseudo-random because they are created through
complex mathematical calculations.
Very cool! The website [
random.org] uses
atmospheric noise and
complex calculations to
generate true random numbers, and the site is used in many fields of activity.
How do we generate them in Python 3?
The set of functions that the
Python language contains
by default is not very large, but it is extended through
modules as you have seen in the case of [
turtle].
One of these is
random, created specifically to
generate random numbers.
To use its functions, at the beginning of the program we will write "
import random",
which loads the module and gives us access to it:
IMPORTANT NOTES
We imported the
random module, then printed sets of five random numbers using the
for statement for iterations.
To call a function from a module, we write:
module_name.desired_function
First, we used the
random() function, which generates
a real number of type
float,
in the range
[0.0, 1.0) – the function does not accept parameters.
Of course, these numbers are not very useful to us... How can we display random integers between
0 and
100? Or between
0 and
10000?
Integers
If
0.483421 was generated... Multiplying it by
100, we get
48.3421,
which then rounded to an integer becomes
48.
Multiplying it by
10000 and rounding it, we get
4834...
But from
1 to
100? Simply, we add
1 to the value generated up to
99, as shown below:
round(random.random() * 99 + 1)
Integers from an Interval
How can we generate integers between
20 and
70, for example?
We can print, as before, numbers between
0 and
50. Just add
20 to each number:
round(20 + random.random() * 50)
Let's examine other functions of the random module in the following sections.
Proceed to the next page.
